![]() But the United States failed to send military planes to protect them during the invasion. The forces wanted to oust the communist government of Fidel Castro.Īmerica's Central Intelligence Agency had provided training for the exiles. It came to be known as the Bay of Pigs invasion. During his early days in office, Cuban exiles invaded Cuba. John Kennedy followed Eisenhower as president in nineteen sixty-one. In a speech at the United Nations, Khrushchev got so angry that he took off his shoe and beat it on a table. Eisenhower admitted that such planes had been spying on the Soviets for four years. The plane and its pilot, Francis Gary Powers, were captured. But the next year, relations got worse again.Īn American U-2 reconnaissance airplane was shot down over the Soviet Union. The new Soviet leader, Nikita Khrushchev, visited Dwight Eisenhower in the United States. In nineteen fifty-nine, cold war tensions eased a little. When the Soviet Union supported Egypt, it gained new friends in the Arab world. The Suez crisis was a political victory for the Soviets. Both supported a United Nations resolution demanding an immediate ceasefire. France and Britain joined the invasion.įor once, the United States and the Soviet Union agreed on a major issue. The West cancelled its offer, however, after Egypt bought weapons from the communist government in Czechoslovakia.Įgyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser then seized control of the company that operated the Suez Canal.Ī few months later, Israel invaded Egypt. In the nineteen fifties, both East and West offered aid to Egypt to build the Aswan High Dam on the Nile River. The Cold War also affected the Middle East. That aid would later expand into a long and bloody period of American involvement in Vietnam. In the nineteen fifties, the United States began sending military advisers to help South Vietnam defend itself against communist North Vietnam. The United States then helped eight Asian nations fight communism by establishing the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization, known as SEATO. The changes came as both sides attempted to influence political and economic developments around the world.įor example, the Soviet Union provided military, economic, and technical aid to communist governments in Asia. After all, the leaders of the world's most powerful nations had shaken hands.Ĭold War tensions increased, then eased, then increased again over the years. ![]() Yet the meeting in Geneva was not considered a failure. The leaders of Britain and France also attended.Įisenhower proposed that the Americans and Soviets agree to let their military bases be inspected by air by the other side. In July nineteen-fifty-five, Eisenhower and Nikolai Bulganin met in Geneva, Switzerland. His death gave the new American president, Dwight Eisenhower, a chance to deal with new Soviet leaders. In nineteen fifty-three, Soviet leader Josef Stalin died. The Soviet Union and its east European allies formed their own joint military group - the Warsaw Pact - six years later. Its purpose was to defend against Soviet forces in Europe. The United States also led the formation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization in nineteen forty-nine. Together, they provided almost two and one-half million tons of supplies on about two hundred-eighty thousand flights.Ĭ-47s unloading at Tempelhof Airport in Berlin The United States received help from Britain and France. The planes kept coming, sometimes landing every few minutes, for more than a year. ![]() President Truman quickly ordered military airplanes to fly coal, food, and medicine to the city. In June nineteen forty-eight, Soviet-led forces blocked all roads and railways leading to the western part of Berlin. Berlin was a part of communist East Germany. After World War Two, the United States and its allies divided Germany. This strengthened the economies and governments of countries in western Europe.Ī major event in the Cold War was the Berlin Airlift. The Truman Doctrine effectively stopped communists from taking control of Greece and Turkey.Īnother policy was the Marshall Plan. This was a plan to give money and military aid to countries threatened by communism. Harry Truman was the first American president to fight the Cold War. The non-aligned group included countries that did not want to be tied to either the West or the East. This group included countries with communist political systems. This group included countries with democratic political systems. The Cold War world was separated into three groups.
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